Compound Wiki

IGF-1 analogs, MGF, and follistatin compounds for muscle growth and anabolism.

Peptides targeting cellular aging, mitochondrial health, and lifespan extension.

Nootropic peptides that improve memory, focus, anxiety, and neurological function.

Compounds targeting fat oxidation, lipolysis, and metabolic rate.

GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptor agonists used for metabolic health and weight management.

GHRPs and GHRHs that stimulate growth hormone secretion from the pituitary gland.

Thymic and antimicrobial peptides that modulate and strengthen immune function.

Peptides that accelerate tissue healing, reduce inflammation, and support recovery.

Melanocortin and other peptides that support sexual function and libido.

Peptides that promote collagen synthesis, wound healing, and skin rejuvenation.

Peptides that improve sleep quality, duration, and architecture.

All Compounds

5-Amino-1MQ

5-Amino-1MQ is a small-molecule NNMT (Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase) inhibitor that raises intracellular NAD+ levels and promotes fat burning. It is notable for targeting adipose tissue directly, reducing fat cell size and number while increasing metabolic rate.

AHK-Cu

AHK-Cu is a copper tripeptide composed of alanine, histidine, and lysine chelated to copper. Distinct from GHK-Cu, AHK-Cu exhibits strong affinity for hair follicle receptors and demonstrates potent hair growth stimulation alongside wound healing and skin regeneration properties.

AICAR

AICAR is a cell-permeable AMP analog that activates AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) — the master metabolic switch that triggers fat burning, mitochondrial biogenesis, and adaptations normally only achieved through exercise. It has been called the 'exercise in a pill' compound.

AOD-9604

AOD-9604 is a modified fragment of human growth hormone (residues 177-191) with an additional tyrosine residue that significantly enhances bioavailability. Originally developed as an anti-obesity drug by Metabolic Pharmaceuticals, it stimulates lipolysis and inhibits lipogenesis without the diabetogenic effects of full GH.

ARA-290

ARA-290 is a synthetic 11-amino acid peptide derived from the helix B region of erythropoietin (EPO). Unlike EPO, it selectively activates the innate repair receptor (IRR) without stimulating hematopoiesis, providing tissue protection, anti-inflammation, and neuropathy relief.

Adamax

Adamax is a synthetic neuropeptide related to brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling pathways. It is explored for cognitive enhancement, neuroprotection, and mood support, with proposed mechanisms involving TrkB receptor activation and enhancement of neuroplasticity similar to endogenous BDNF.

Adipotide

Adipotide (FTPP) is a chimeric proapoptotic peptide that selectively targets and destroys blood vessels feeding white adipose tissue. It binds prohibitin on the vasculature of fat tissue, delivering a proapoptotic sequence that induces cell death in fat-specific blood vessels, causing targeted fat tissue regression.

Alpha-GPC

Alpha-GPC is the most bioavailable form of choline, readily crossing the blood-brain barrier to rapidly increase acetylcholine levels. It enhances cognitive performance, supports GH secretion, and is used as an essential complement to many nootropic peptides (especially those that increase acetylcholine demand like Noopept and Dihexa).

Argireline

Argireline is the most widely researched topical 'Botox-alternative' cosmetic peptide, an acetylated hexapeptide that inhibits neuromuscular transmission to relax facial muscles and reduce dynamic wrinkle depth by 17–27% in clinical studies.

BPC-157

BPC-157 is a synthetic pentadecapeptide derived from a protective protein found in the stomach. It is one of the most extensively researched healing peptides, known for accelerating tissue repair, reducing inflammation, and protecting the gastrointestinal tract.

Bronchogen

Bronchogen is a tetrapeptide bioregulator (Ala-Glu-Asp-Leu) developed by Professor Vladimir Khavinson at the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology. It is a tissue-specific bioregulator designed for the bronchi and lungs, promoting normalization of bronchial epithelial cell function. Research suggests benefits for respiratory health, protection against pulmonary aging, and support for bronchopulmonary conditions.

CJC-1295

CJC-1295 is a synthetic GHRH analog that stimulates the pituitary gland to produce and release growth hormone. The DAC (Drug Affinity Complex) version has a markedly extended half-life. The No DAC version (Modified GRF 1-29) preserves natural pulsatile GH release and is preferred in most protocols.

Cagrilintide

Cagrilintide is a long-acting amylin analog developed by Novo Nordisk. Amylin is a peptide hormone co-secreted with insulin from pancreatic beta cells. Cagrilintide slows gastric emptying, suppresses glucagon, and reduces appetite via central amylin receptors. In combination with semaglutide (CagriSema), Phase 2 trials achieved approximately 15% body weight reduction. Phase 3 trials (REDEFINE program) are ongoing.

Cardiogen

Cardiogen is a tetrapeptide bioregulator (Ala-Glu-Asp-Arg) developed by Professor Vladimir Khavinson. It is a tissue-specific bioregulator for the heart and myocardium, designed to normalize cardiomyocyte function and support cardiac tissue regeneration. Research has demonstrated cardioprotective effects, improved cardiac rhythm, and benefits in recovery from ischemic injury.

Carnosine

Carnosine is an endogenous dipeptide (beta-alanine + histidine) found in high concentrations in muscle and brain. It is a potent anti-aging molecule with broad spectrum antioxidant, anti-glycation, anti-carbonylation, and metal chelating properties, making it one of the most protective naturally occurring dipeptides.

Cartalax

Cartalax is a tetrapeptide bioregulator (Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro) developed by Professor Vladimir Khavinson for cartilage and connective tissue. It is tissue-specific for chondrocytes and cartilaginous structures, supporting cartilage matrix synthesis, slowing degenerative changes, and promoting joint longevity. It is used in the context of osteoarthritis, joint aging, and athletic cartilage preservation.

Cerebrolysin

Cerebrolysin is a porcine brain-derived neuropeptide complex that mimics the action of endogenous neurotrophic factors (BDNF, NGF, GDNF, NT-3). It promotes neurogenesis, neuroprotection, and synaptic plasticity, and is approved in many countries for stroke, traumatic brain injury, and Alzheimer's disease.

Cerebrolysin

Cerebrolysin is a porcine brain-derived neuropeptide preparation containing low-molecular-weight peptides and free amino acids. It mimics endogenous neurotrophic factors and is approved in many countries for Alzheimer's disease, stroke recovery, and traumatic brain injury.

Chonluten

Chonluten is a tripeptide bioregulator (Glu-Asp-Leu) developed by Professor Vladimir Khavinson, tissue-specific to the bronchi and lungs. While related to Bronchogen (a tetrapeptide), Chonluten is a shorter tripeptide sequence. It supports bronchial mucosal cell function, promotes respiratory epithelial regeneration, and is used in protocols for COPD, chronic bronchitis, and pulmonary anti-aging.

Collagen Peptides

Collagen peptides are short-chain amino acid sequences produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of whole collagen (typically bovine or marine). They serve as bioactive signals that stimulate fibroblasts and chondrocytes to produce new collagen, elastin, and cartilage matrix, supporting skin, joint, bone, and gut health.

Cortagen

Cortagen is a synthetic tetrapeptide (Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro) developed at the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation as a cardioprotective and vascular bioregulator. It stimulates repair of cardiac and vascular tissue, with demonstrated benefits for coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, and cardiac aging.

DS5

DS5 is a synthetic variant of the delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP), a nonapeptide originally isolated from rabbit cerebrospinal fluid during slow-wave sleep. Like DSIP, DS5 is explored for sleep optimization, stress modulation, and circadian rhythm normalization, with proposed improvements in potency or stability over the parent molecule.

DSIP

DSIP is an endogenous neuropeptide originally isolated from rabbit cerebrospinal fluid that induces delta-wave (deep) sleep. It also modulates stress response, cortisol regulation, and LH secretion, making it valuable for sleep optimization and stress management.

Decapeptide-12

Decapeptide-12 is a synthetic 10-amino acid peptide developed for skin brightening and depigmentation. It selectively inhibits tyrosinase activity and downstream melanogenesis pathways, reducing hyperpigmentation, dark spots, and uneven skin tone without the irritation associated with hydroquinone.

Dermorphin

Dermorphin is a naturally occurring heptapeptide opioid isolated from the skin of South American phyllomedusine frogs. It is one of the most potent endogenous mu-opioid receptor agonists known, approximately 30-40 times more potent than morphine by weight. Explored for pain management and fatigue modulation.

Dihexa

Dihexa is a potent experimental oligopeptide derived from angiotensin IV that dramatically enhances synaptogenesis. Preclinical research shows cognitive enhancement orders of magnitude more potent than BDNF — it is considered one of the most powerful nootropic compounds in research, but has very limited human safety data.

Dihexa

Dihexa is an orally active peptide drug derived from angiotensin IV with reported cognitive-enhancing effects up to one million times more potent than BDNF. It promotes synaptogenesis and neuroplasticity by targeting the HGF/MET receptor system.

Dulaglutide

Dulaglutide (brand name Trulicity) is a once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist approved by the FDA for type 2 diabetes management and cardiovascular risk reduction. It consists of two GLP-1 analog chains fused to a modified IgG4 Fc fragment, extending its half-life to approximately 5 days. While primarily a diabetes medication, it produces meaningful weight loss and has established cardiovascular outcomes data from the REWIND trial.

Eloralintide

Eloralintide is a long-acting amylin analog under development by OPKO Health. Amylin is co-secreted with insulin and regulates post-meal glucose by slowing gastric emptying, suppressing glucagon, and promoting satiety. Eloralintide is designed for once-weekly dosing, differentiating it from the short-acting pramlintide (Symlin). It is being studied for obesity and type 2 diabetes as a complement to GLP-1 based therapies.

Enclomiphene

Enclomiphene is the trans-isomer of clomiphene citrate, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that stimulates endogenous testosterone production by blocking estrogen negative feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary. Unlike TRT, it restores testosterone while preserving or increasing sperm production and testicular volume.

Epithalon

Epithalon is a synthetic tetrapeptide developed from the pineal gland extract Epithalamin by Russian scientist Dr. Vladimir Khavinson. It is one of the most researched longevity peptides, known for activating telomerase and extending telomere length — the molecular hallmarks of cellular aging.

Exenatide

Exenatide is a GLP-1 receptor agonist derived from the Gila monster lizard peptide exendin-4, with 53% homology to human GLP-1 and natural resistance to DPP-4 degradation. Available as twice-daily (Byetta) or once-weekly (Bydureon) formulation, it is also being studied for Parkinson's disease neuroprotection.

FOXO4-DRI

FOXO4-DRI is a D-retro-inverso peptide derived from the FOXO4 protein that selectively induces apoptosis in senescent cells. By disrupting the FOXO4-p53 interaction that keeps senescent cells alive, it triggers programmed cell death specifically in these aging, pro-inflammatory cells while sparing healthy tissue.

Follistatin

Follistatin is an endogenous glycoprotein that acts as a potent inhibitor of myostatin and activin, two proteins that limit muscle growth. By binding and neutralizing myostatin, follistatin removes the primary brake on skeletal muscle hypertrophy, enabling significant muscle growth beyond normal physiological limits. It is distinct from its isoforms Follistatin 315 and Follistatin 344 in tissue distribution and binding affinity.

Follistatin 315

Follistatin 315 is a splice variant isoform of follistatin produced by alternative mRNA processing. Unlike Follistatin 344 which is tethered to cell surfaces via heparan sulfate proteoglycans, FST-315 circulates freely in the bloodstream and has broader systemic distribution. It is the predominant circulating form and exerts systemic myostatin inhibition as well as FSH suppression, making it relevant to both muscle growth and reproductive endocrinology.

Follistatin 344

Follistatin 344 is a recombinant form of the endogenous follistatin protein. It inhibits myostatin and activin — the primary negative regulators of muscle growth — potentially removing the genetic ceiling on muscle development. It is one of the most theoretically powerful anabolic compounds but is experimental with limited human data.

GHK

GHK is the natural tripeptide (Gly-His-Lys) released from human albumin that activates tissue remodeling, collagen synthesis, and anti-aging gene expression. The copper-free form is the biological signaling molecule; it chelates copper in tissue to form GHK-Cu but also has independent biological activity.

Recovery & RepairAnti-Aging & Longevity

GHK-Cu

GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper complex that declines with age. It is one of the most studied anti-aging peptides, known for powerful skin rejuvenation, wound healing, and tissue remodeling effects.

GHRP-2

GHRP-2 is a potent synthetic hexapeptide that stimulates growth hormone release by activating ghrelin receptors in the pituitary and hypothalamus. It produces one of the strongest GH pulses among GHRPs, though unlike Ipamorelin it does cause modest increases in cortisol and prolactin.

GHRP-6

GHRP-6 is the original synthetic GH-releasing peptide and a potent ghrelin receptor agonist. It produces strong GH pulses but is notorious for a significant hunger surge 30–45 minutes post-injection. This hunger side effect makes it less preferred than Ipamorelin or GHRP-2 for most protocols but can be useful in patients with appetite deficiency.

Glutathione

Glutathione is the body's master endogenous antioxidant tripeptide, composed of glutamate, cysteine, and glycine. It neutralizes reactive oxygen species, supports detoxification in the liver, recycles other antioxidants (vitamins C and E), and plays a central role in immune function, DNA repair, and cellular redox balance.

Gonadorelin

Gonadorelin is the synthetic form of endogenous GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone). It stimulates the pituitary to release LH and FSH, maintaining testicular function and testosterone production. Widely used alongside TRT to prevent testicular atrophy and preserve fertility.

HGH Fragment 176-191

HGH Fragment 176-191 (also known as AOD-9604) is a stabilized, modified fragment of the human growth hormone molecule corresponding to amino acids 176–191 with an addition of a tyrosine residue at the N-terminus. It retains HGH's fat-burning properties without the anabolic, diabetogenic, or IGF-1-stimulating effects.

Hexarelin

Hexarelin is a potent synthetic GHRP and the strongest GH secretagogue in its class per unit dose. It also exhibits unique cardioprotective properties through direct binding to cardiac CD36 receptors, independent of GH release. Its potency is balanced by a tendency to desensitize GH release with prolonged use, making cycling important.

Humanin

Humanin is a mitochondria-derived peptide (MDP) encoded in the 16S rRNA region of the mitochondrial genome. It protects neurons and other cells from apoptosis, improves insulin sensitivity, and declines significantly with age. HNG (S14G-Humanin) is a synthetic analog with 1000x greater potency.

IGF-1 DES

IGF-1 DES (also written DES(1-3)IGF-1) is a truncated form of IGF-1 missing the first three amino acids of the N-terminus. This structural change dramatically reduces its affinity for IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), meaning a far greater fraction remains in its free, active form. IGF-1 DES is estimated to be 10x more potent than standard IGF-1 LR3 at the receptor level locally, making it particularly effective for site-specific muscle growth when injected intramuscularly.

IGF-1 LR3

IGF-1 LR3 is a synthetic analog of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 with an extended half-life. It is one of the most potent anabolic peptides available, directly stimulating muscle cell hyperplasia and hypertrophy, and is the downstream mediator of many of GH's anabolic effects.

Ipamorelin

Ipamorelin is a selective GHRP (growth hormone releasing peptide) and one of the cleanest GH secretagogues available. It selectively stimulates GH release without significantly raising cortisol, prolactin, or appetite — making it ideal for long-term use and anti-aging protocols.

KPV

KPV is a naturally occurring anti-inflammatory tripeptide derived from the C-terminal of alpha-MSH. It powerfully suppresses intestinal and systemic inflammation via melanocortin receptors, making it valuable for IBD, gut healing, and wound repair.

Kisspeptin-10

Kisspeptin-10 is the biologically active C-terminal decapeptide of kisspeptin, an endogenous regulator of the reproductive axis. It acts upstream of GnRH to potently stimulate LH and testosterone release, and plays a key role in sexual arousal and libido.

LL-37

LL-37 is the only known human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide. It kills bacteria, fungi, and viruses by disrupting their membranes, while simultaneously modulating immune responses. Used for antimicrobial protection, immune priming, and wound healing.

Larazotide Acetate

Larazotide acetate is an 8-amino acid peptide (Gly-Gly-Val-Leu-Val-Gln-Pro-Gly) derived from Zonula Occludens Toxin (ZOT) of Vibrio cholerae. It paradoxically acts as a ZOT antagonist to close tight junctions and reduce intestinal permeability ('leaky gut'). It is the most advanced clinical compound targeting gut permeability directly.

Leuprolide

Leuprolide is a synthetic GnRH superagonist that, with continuous administration, paradoxically suppresses LH and FSH through receptor desensitization — the opposite effect of pulsatile GnRH. Used medically for prostate cancer, endometriosis, and precocious puberty. In men's health, short-duration use for PCT and testosterone suppression rebound.

Liraglutide

Liraglutide is a long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for type 2 diabetes (Victoza) and chronic weight management (Saxenda). It reduces appetite, slows gastric emptying, improves insulin secretion, and promotes weight loss of 5–10% in clinical trials.

Livagen

Livagen is a dipeptide bioregulator (Lys-Glu) developed by Professor Vladimir Khavinson, tissue-specific for the liver and thymus. It supports hepatocyte function, promotes liver cell regeneration, and modulates immune function via thymic activity. Research suggests benefits in chronic liver disease, hepatic aging, and immune restoration following liver damage.

MGF (Mechano Growth Factor)

MGF (Mechano Growth Factor) is a splice variant of IGF-1 that is locally produced in muscle tissue in response to mechanical damage from exercise. It activates muscle satellite cells (stem cells) to proliferate and repair damaged fibers, making it specifically targeted at exercise-induced hypertrophy.

MK-677 (Ibutamoren)

MK-677 (Ibutamoren) is an orally active, non-peptide ghrelin receptor agonist that increases growth hormone and IGF-1 levels. Unlike injectable GHRPs, it can be taken orally and has a 24-hour half-life, making it convenient for sustained GH optimization.

MOTS-c

MOTS-c is a mitochondria-derived peptide (MDP) encoded within the mitochondrial genome. It acts as a metabolic regulator, improving insulin sensitivity, enhancing exercise capacity, and counteracting age-related metabolic decline. It is often called a 'mitochondrial hormone.'

Matrixyl

Matrixyl is the most widely used collagen-stimulating cosmetic peptide. As a matrikine — a fragment of type I procollagen — it signals skin cells to synthesize new collagen, elastin, and fibronectin, reducing wrinkle depth and improving skin firmness and elasticity.

Mazdutide

Mazdutide is a once-weekly GLP-1/glucagon dual receptor agonist developed by Innovent Biologics and Eli Lilly. Phase 2 trials in Chinese populations demonstrated up to 11.3% body weight reduction at 6 mg over 24 weeks. It also improves liver fat, glycemic control, and lipid profiles. Phase 3 trials are ongoing primarily in China.

Melanotan 1

Melanotan 1 (Afamelanotide) is a synthetic analog of α-MSH that selectively stimulates melanogenesis (tanning) through MC1R activation. It provides UV-independent skin pigmentation and is FDA/EMA-approved under the name SCENESSE for erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) and vitiligo.

Melanotan II

Melanotan II is a synthetic analog of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) that stimulates melanin production (skin tanning), suppresses appetite, and enhances sexual function. It is not FDA-approved and has significant safety concerns including mole changes and cardiovascular effects.

NAD+

NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is a coenzyme found in all living cells that declines dramatically with age. It is critical for energy metabolism, DNA repair, and sirtuin activation. IV and subcutaneous NAD+ supplementation is used in anti-aging protocols and addiction recovery programs.

Nonapeptide-1

Nonapeptide-1 is a synthetic 9-amino acid peptide that inhibits melanin production by blocking α-MSH (alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone) receptor binding. Used in cosmetic formulations for skin lightening and evening skin tone, it is particularly effective for UV-induced and hormonal hyperpigmentation.

Noopept

Noopept is a potent dipeptide-derived nootropic from Russia, structurally related to piracetam but estimated to be 1,000 times more potent by mass. It enhances memory consolidation, learning, and recall while providing neuroprotection via BDNF and NGF upregulation.

Orforglipron

Orforglipron is an oral, once-daily small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist developed by Eli Lilly. Unlike injectable GLP-1 peptides, it is a non-peptide compound absorbed orally without food restrictions, representing a major convenience advancement. Phase 2 trials showed up to 9.4% weight loss at 36 weeks, and Phase 3 trials (ATTAIN program) are ongoing for obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Ovagen

Ovagen is a tripeptide bioregulator (Glu-Asp-Leu) developed by Professor Vladimir Khavinson, primarily targeting liver tissue. It supports hepatocyte function, liver cell regeneration, and protection against hepatic aging and disease. Ovagen is used in protocols for chronic liver disease, hepatoprotection, and metabolic liver conditions including fatty liver disease.

Oxytocin

Oxytocin is a 9-amino acid neuropeptide produced in the hypothalamus with diverse roles in social bonding, trust, stress reduction, and sexual function. Exogenous administration is used therapeutically to improve social cognition, reduce anxiety, and enhance intimacy.

P21

P21 is a synthetic peptide derived from CNTF (ciliary neurotrophic factor) that promotes hippocampal neurogenesis, enhances memory and spatial learning, and may reduce amyloid-beta pathology. It is used as a neurogenic and cognitive enhancer with potential anti-Alzheimer's applications.

PE-22-28

PE-22-28 is a synthetic analog of spadin derived from sortilin, designed to block TREK-1 potassium channels with rapid-onset antidepressant and neurogenic effects. It shows fast-acting depression relief (within 24 hours) and promotes hippocampal neurogenesis.

PEG-MGF

PEG-MGF (Pegylated Mechano Growth Factor) is a modified form of MGF (Mechano Growth Factor) where polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains have been attached to extend its half-life from minutes to days. Native MGF is released locally in muscle in response to mechanical stress and quickly degrades. PEGylation allows systemic administration with sustained circulation, enabling whole-body muscle repair and anabolic signaling rather than the purely local effect of native MGF.

PGPIPN

PGPIPN is a bioactive hexapeptide (Pro-Gly-Pro-Ile-Pro-Asn) derived from beta-casein during enzymatic digestion. It exhibits anti-inflammatory properties via opioid receptor modulation and cytokine suppression, making it relevant for gut health, systemic inflammation, and as a component of casein-derived functional foods.

PNC-27

PNC-27 is a synthetic peptide derived from the p53 tumor suppressor protein, containing both an HDM2-binding domain and a transmembrane penetratin sequence. It selectively kills cancer cells by binding MDM2/HDM2 overexpressed on the plasma membrane of malignant cells, inducing membranolysis without harming normal cells.

PT-141 (Bremelanotide)

PT-141 (Bremelanotide) is a cyclic peptide melanocortin receptor agonist that enhances sexual desire and arousal through central nervous system mechanisms. It is FDA-approved as Vyleesi for premenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD).

Pal-AHK

Pal-AHK is the palmitoylated form of the AHK-Cu copper tripeptide, created by attaching a palmitic acid chain to enhance skin penetration and lipid bilayer affinity. The palmitoyl modification significantly improves dermal bioavailability compared to unmodified AHK, making it particularly effective in anti-aging and hair growth formulations.

Pal-GHK

Pal-GHK is the palmitoylated form of the GHK tripeptide without a copper ion. By conjugating palmitic acid to glycine-histidine-lysine, skin penetration is substantially enhanced, enabling deeper dermal collagen stimulation. It is commonly paired with Pal-GHK-Cu or GHK-Cu in anti-aging formulations.

Palmitoyl Dipeptide-6

Palmitoyl Dipeptide-6 is a synthetic dipeptide (lysine-threonine) with a palmitoyl fatty acid tail, designed to penetrate the skin barrier and stimulate the extracellular matrix components essential for skin firmness. It activates fibronectin and type IV collagen synthesis, improving skin density and firmness particularly in mature or sagging skin.

Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7

Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7 (Rigin) is a cosmetic peptide consisting of palmitic acid linked to the tetrapeptide sequence GQPR (Gly-Gln-Pro-Arg). It was designed to mimic the biological activity of the IgG immunoglobulin C-terminus, which downregulates the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a key driver of skin aging and inflammation.

Pancragen

Pancragen is a tripeptide bioregulator (Lys-Glu-Asp) developed by Professor Vladimir Khavinson, tissue-specific for the pancreas. It supports the function of both exocrine and endocrine pancreatic cells, promotes normalization of insulin secretion from beta cells, and may offer protective effects against pancreatic aging and diabetic progression.

Pentapeptide-18

Pentapeptide-18 (Leuphasyl) is a synthetic pentapeptide that mimics the sequence of enkephalin, an endogenous neuropeptide. It acts on neuronal pain receptors in facial muscles to reduce muscle contraction intensity and depth of expression lines, functioning similarly to Argireline (Acetyl Hexapeptide-3) but via a different receptor mechanism.

Pinealon

Pinealon is a synthetic tripeptide (Glu-Asp-Arg) developed by the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation, designed to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and exert neuroprotective, neurogenic, and anti-aging effects by regulating pineal gland and brain cell function.

Prostamax

Prostamax is a tetrapeptide bioregulator (Lys-Glu-Asp-Pro) developed by Professor Vladimir Khavinson, tissue-specific for the prostate gland. It supports prostate epithelial cell function, promotes normalization of prostate tissue, and is studied for its potential in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostatitis, and prostate anti-aging. It is one of the more widely used Khavinson bioregulators among men over 40.

Retatrutide

Retatrutide is an investigational triple receptor agonist targeting GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptors simultaneously. Phase 2 trials showed an unprecedented average 24% body weight reduction at 48 weeks — exceeding any approved medication to date. It is in Phase 3 trials as of 2024.

SLU-PP-332

SLU-PP-332 is a small molecule exercise mimetic that activates estrogen-related receptors ERRalpha and ERRdelta (ERRa/d), transcription factors that drive oxidative metabolism programs. In animal studies it significantly enhanced endurance capacity and metabolic fitness without exercise, mimicking many of the cardiovascular and metabolic adaptations of aerobic training.

SNAP-8

SNAP-8 is a synthetic octapeptide cosmetic ingredient that reduces the depth of expression lines and wrinkles by competitively inhibiting the SNARE complex involved in acetylcholine release at neuromuscular junctions, providing a topical 'Botox-like' effect.

SS-31 (Elamipretide)

SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a synthetic mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide that concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane and protects cardiolipin from oxidative damage. It is one of the most promising mitochondrial longevity compounds, studied in clinical trials for heart failure, renal disease, and age-associated mitochondrial dysfunction.

Selank

Selank is a synthetic heptapeptide analog of tuftsin developed in Russia. It is a potent anxiolytic that reduces anxiety and enhances cognitive function without sedation or addiction. It is approved for clinical use in Russia for anxiety disorders.

Semaglutide

Semaglutide is an FDA-approved GLP-1 receptor agonist originally developed for type 2 diabetes that has proven remarkably effective for weight loss. Clinical trials show average 15–20% body weight reduction. It is marketed as Ozempic (diabetes) and Wegovy (weight management).

Semaglutide

Semaglutide is a highly potent, once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist approved for type 2 diabetes (Ozempic) and chronic weight management (Wegovy). With 94% homology to human GLP-1 and albumin-binding modification, it delivers 15–20% average weight loss — the most effective GLP-1 agent available.

Semax

Semax is a synthetic heptapeptide derived from ACTH developed in Russia. It is a potent nootropic that enhances memory, focus, and provides neuroprotection. Approved in Russia for cognitive disorders, stroke recovery, and traumatic brain injury.

Sermorelin

Sermorelin is a bioidentical synthetic peptide comprising the first 29 amino acids of naturally occurring GHRH. It is FDA-approved for diagnostic use and widely prescribed off-label for anti-aging, stimulating growth hormone production in a natural pulsatile pattern that mimics the body's own rhythm.

Somatropin (HGH)

Somatropin is recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH), identical in structure to the 191-amino acid pituitary-derived growth hormone. It is FDA-approved for growth hormone deficiency, short stature, and wasting conditions. Off-label, it is widely explored for body composition, anti-aging, and performance enhancement, though significant risks accompany unsupervised use.

Spermidine

Spermidine is a naturally occurring polyamine found in all living cells, with exceptionally high concentrations in wheat germ, aged cheese, and human sperm. It is the most studied autophagy-inducing dietary compound, shown to extend lifespan across multiple species and reduce cardiovascular and cognitive aging.

Survodutide

Survodutide is a once-weekly GLP-1/glucagon dual receptor agonist developed by Boehringer Ingelheim and Zealand Pharma. Phase 2 trials demonstrated up to 18.7% body weight reduction at 46 weeks, among the highest reported for a dual agonist. It is being studied for obesity and MASH (metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis), where the glucagon component drives hepatic fat clearance.

Syn-Ake

Syn-Ake is a synthetic tripeptide that mimics waglerin-1, a peptide found in the venom of the Temple viper (Tropidolaemus wagleri). It acts as a reversible antagonist of muscular nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, temporarily reducing facial muscle contraction and smoothing dynamic wrinkles. Often called a 'synthetic Botox' in cosmetic marketing.

Syn-Coll

Syn-Coll is a palmitoylated tripeptide (Palmitoyl Tripeptide-5) that mimics thrombospondin-1 to activate TGF-beta, the primary growth factor driving collagen synthesis in the dermis. It is one of the most mechanistically direct collagen-stimulating peptides in cosmetic formulations.

TB-500

TB-500 is a synthetic fragment of Thymosin Beta-4, a naturally occurring peptide found in nearly all human and animal cells. It promotes cell migration to injury sites, accelerates tissue regeneration, and reduces chronic inflammation.

Teduglutide

Teduglutide is a GLP-2 (glucagon-like peptide-2) analog with enhanced stability. Unlike GLP-1, GLP-2 specifically acts on the intestinal epithelium to increase intestinal length, villus height, and absorption surface area. FDA-approved as Gattex for short bowel syndrome, it is also being investigated for IBD, leaky gut, and mucosal healing.

Tesamorelin

Tesamorelin is an FDA-approved synthetic GHRH analog specifically indicated for reduction of excess abdominal (visceral) fat in HIV patients with lipodystrophy. It is the only GHRH peptide with FDA approval for a fat-reduction indication and is studied off-label for metabolic syndrome and cognitive function.

Tesofensine

Tesofensine is a triple monoamine reuptake inhibitor (TMRI) that blocks reuptake of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. Originally developed for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, it was repurposed as a potent weight loss agent after clinical trials demonstrated substantial fat loss via appetite suppression and increased energy expenditure.

Testagen

Testagen is a tetrapeptide bioregulator (Lys-Glu-Asp-Gly) developed by Professor Vladimir Khavinson, tissue-specific for the testes. It supports Leydig cell function, normalization of testosterone biosynthesis, and spermatogenic activity. Testagen is used in men's health protocols for age-related testosterone decline, male fertility support, and testicular anti-aging.

Thymagen

Thymagen is a dipeptide bioregulator (Glu-Asp) developed by Professor Vladimir Khavinson, tissue-specific for the thymus gland. It supports T-lymphocyte maturation, thymic function, and immune system normalization. As the thymus involutes with age (thymic atrophy), immune competence declines. Thymagen is used to support immune restoration, particularly in aging, post-illness recovery, and immunodeficiency states.

Thymalin

Thymalin is a polypeptide complex isolated from calf thymus glands (developed by the Russian Gerontology Institute), shown to restore immune function, extend lifespan, and reverse thymic involution. Clinical studies demonstrate improved immune parameters and up to 40% reduction in mortality in elderly patients.

Thymosin Alpha-1

Thymosin Alpha-1 is a naturally occurring 28-amino acid peptide derived from the thymus gland. It is a powerful immune modulator approved in many countries for treating chronic hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and as an adjunct in cancer immunotherapy.

Thymosin Alpha-1

Thymosin Alpha-1 (Tα1) is an endogenous 28-amino acid peptide secreted by thymic epithelial cells that is the master regulator of T-cell maturation and immune competence. FDA-orphan designated and approved in 35+ countries (Zadaxin), it is used for chronic infections, cancer immunotherapy, and general immune enhancement.

Thymosin Beta-4

Thymosin Beta-4 is an endogenous 43-amino acid peptide that is the primary intracellular actin sequestering peptide. It promotes tissue repair, reduces inflammation, regenerates hair follicles, and protects cardiac tissue. Closely related to TB-500 (the active fragment), it is used for systemic tissue recovery and anti-aging.

Thymulin

Thymulin is a nonapeptide hormone produced exclusively by the thymic epithelium. It requires zinc for biological activity and plays a critical role in T-lymphocyte maturation, differentiation, and immune regulation. Thymulin levels decline dramatically with age, contributing to immunosenescence.

Tirzepatide

Tirzepatide is an FDA-approved dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist that produces greater weight loss than semaglutide in head-to-head trials. SURMOUNT-1 trial showed average 21% body weight reduction at 72 weeks at the highest dose. Marketed as Mounjaro (diabetes) and Zepbound (obesity).

Tripeptide-29

Tripeptide-29 is a pro-collagen cosmetic peptide composed of proline, hydroxyproline, and glycine — the core repeating unit of collagen. Applied topically, it signals dermal fibroblasts that collagen degradation has occurred, triggering compensatory new collagen synthesis.

Triptorelin

Triptorelin is a synthetic decapeptide analog of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) with 100x the potency of native GnRH. An FDA-approved drug (Trelstar) for prostate cancer and precocious puberty, it is also used in post-cycle therapy (PCT) to rapidly restart the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis after anabolic steroid suppression.

VIP

VIP is a 28-amino acid neuropeptide with profound anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory, and immunomodulatory effects. It plays a critical role in gut motility, circadian rhythm, and immune tolerance. Used therapeutically for CIRS (Chronic Inflammatory Response Syndrome), MCAS, and inflammatory conditions.

Vesilute

Vesilute is a tetrapeptide bioregulator (Lys-Glu-Asp-Leu) developed by Professor Vladimir Khavinson, tissue-specific for the retina and visual system. It supports retinal cell function, promotes normalization of photoreceptor protein synthesis, and is studied for age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinal aging, and vision preservation in the elderly.

Vesugen

Vesugen is a tripeptide bioregulator (Lys-Glu-Asp) developed by Professor Vladimir Khavinson, tissue-specific for blood vessels and the vascular endothelium. It supports endothelial cell function, promotes vascular wall integrity, and is studied for atherosclerosis prevention, vascular aging, and cardiovascular health maintenance. It is one of the more broadly applicable Khavinson bioregulators given the ubiquity of vascular tissue.

Vialox

Vialox is a synthetic pentapeptide that mimics the activity of conotoxin from cone snails, acting as an antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction. Similar to Syn-Ake but derived from cone snail venom biochemistry, it reduces facial muscle contraction to smooth expression wrinkles.

Vilon

Vilon is a synthetic dipeptide (Lys-Glu) derived from the thymus gland extract Thymalin. The shortest immune-regulatory peptide known, Vilon modulates T-cell and NK-cell function, extends lifespan in animal models, and shows epigenetic anti-aging activity. It is one of the Khavinson peptide bioregulators.