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Enclomiphene

Also known as: enclomiphene citrate, trans-clomiphene, Androxal, ZA-207

Enclomiphene is the trans-isomer of clomiphene citrate, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that stimulates endogenous testosterone production by blocking estrogen negative feedback on the hypothalamus and pituitary. Unlike TRT, it restores testosterone while preserving or increasing sperm production and testicular volume.

Half-Life

5-7 days (long half-life; accumulates)

Route

Oral

Category

GLP-1 / Weight Loss Agonists

Studies

50 references

Key Benefits

  • Restores testosterone to normal range without exogenous androgen administration
  • Preserves or increases sperm production and fertility
  • Maintains testicular volume (unlike TRT which causes testicular atrophy)
  • LH and FSH levels rise, indicating intact HPG axis function
  • Option for hypogonadal men desiring fertility
  • Oral administration (no injection required)

Mechanism of Action

Enclomiphene competitively antagonizes estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary, blocking the negative feedback of estradiol on GnRH and LH/FSH secretion. This disinhibition increases pulsatile GnRH release, elevating LH and FSH. The resulting LH surge stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone, while FSH maintains Sertoli cell function and spermatogenesis. The trans-isomer is isolated from racemic clomiphene to avoid the estrogenic effects of the cis-isomer (zuclomiphene).

Dosing Protocols

Testosterone Restoration (TRT Alternative)

Dose
12.5-25 mg per day
Frequency
Once daily or every other day
Timing
Morning with food
Cycle
12 weeks minimum; may be used long-term under physician supervision

Phase III trials used 12.5 mg and 25 mg daily. Labs (testosterone, LH, FSH, estradiol, CBC) should be monitored at 6-8 week intervals. Often used to restore HPG axis after TRT cessation.

Post-Cycle Therapy (PCT)

Dose
25-50 mg per day
Frequency
Once daily
Timing
Morning
Cycle
4-6 weeks

Used by bodybuilders post-AAS cycle to restart endogenous testosterone. Often preferred over clomiphene (racemic) to minimize vision side effects from zuclomiphene isomer.

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Side Effects

  • Visual disturbances (rare but class-related SERM effect)
  • Mood changes or irritability
  • Hot flashes
  • Elevated estradiol in some users
  • Headache
  • Nausea

Contraindications

Estrogen receptor-positive cancersLiver disease (hepatic metabolism)Thrombotic disorders or hypercoagulable statesPregnancy (teratogenic risk)Combined with aromatase inhibitors may cause excessive estradiol suppression

Storage

Store at room temperature in original container away from moisture and heat. No refrigeration required.

  1. 1.
    British Society of Sexual Medicine: Position Statement for the Potential Use of Enclomiphene in the Treatment of Male Hypogonadism

    Foster J, Choo L, Patel A, Kirby M, Hackett G · The world journal of men's health · 2026PubMed Verified

  2. 2.
    Preserving spermatogenesis in testosterone deficiency: innovations in replacement and stimulatory therapies

    Hochu G, Geyer-Kim I, Kim E · Translational andrology and urology · 2025ReviewPubMed Verified

  3. 3.
    Response to the letter to the editor: Clomiphene or enclomiphene citrate for the treatment of male hypogonadism: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

    Hohl A, Chavez MP, Pasqualotto E, Ferreira ROM, Sande-Lee SV, Ronsoni MF · Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2025PubMed Verified

  4. 4.
  5. 5.
    Comparison between Amorphous States of the Trans/Cis Isomers of Clomiphene: Similarities and Differences

    Trubert J, Garda MR, Matkovska L, Gauthier S, Lorieau B, Gendron FX et al. · Molecular pharmaceutics · 2025PubMed Verified

  6. 6.
    Clomiphene or enclomiphene citrate for the treatment of male hypogonadism: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

    Hohl A, Chavez MP, Pasqualotto E, Ferreira ROM, Sande-Lee SV, Ronsoni MF · Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Meta-AnalysisPubMed Verified

  7. 7.
    Safety and efficacy of enclomiphene and clomiphene for hypogonadal men

    Saffati G, Kassab J, Orozco Rendon D, Hinojosa-Gonzalez DE, Kronstedt S, Lipshultz LI et al. · Translational andrology and urology · 2024PubMed Verified

  8. 8.
    Clomiphene Citrate and Enclomiphene Hydrochloride Exposure Is Associated With Interfrontal Suture Fusion in Zebrafish

    Franz-Odendaal TA, Bezuhly M · Plastic surgery (Oakville, Ont.) · 2023PubMed Verified

  9. 9.
    Efficacy of Clomiphene Citrate Versus Enclomiphene Citrate for Male Infertility Treatment: A Retrospective Study

    Thomas J, Suarez Arbelaez MC, Narasimman M, Weber AR, Blachman-Braun R, White JT et al. · Cureus · 2023PubMed Verified

  10. 10.
    Selective modulation of estrogen receptor in obese men with androgen deficiency: A systematic review and meta-analysis

    Tienforti D, Castellini C, Di Giulio F, Totaro M, Dalmazio G, Spagnolo L et al. · Andrology · 2023Meta-AnalysisPubMed Verified

  11. 11.
    Are SERMs safe and effective for the treatment of hypogonadism in men?

    Joseph T, Gibbs LM, Pham K · The Journal of family practice · 2022PubMed Verified

  12. 12.
    Leydig stem cells and future therapies for hypogonadism

    Achua JK, Frech FS, Ramasamy R · Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity · 2020ReviewPubMed Verified

  13. 13.
    Enclomiphene citrate: A treatment that maintains fertility in men with secondary hypogonadism

    Earl JA, Kim ED · Expert review of endocrinology & metabolism · 2019PubMed Verified

  14. 14.
    Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Testicular Axis Effects and Urinary Detection Following Clomiphene Administration in Males

    Miller GD, Moore C, Nair V, Hill B, Willick SE, Rogol AD et al. · The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2019Clinical TrialPubMed Verified

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    Serum levels of enclomiphene and zuclomiphene in men with hypogonadism on long-term clomiphene citrate treatment

    Helo S, Mahon J, Ellen J, Wiehle R, Fontenot G, Hsu K et al. · BJU international · 2017PubMed Verified

  18. 18.
    Clomiphene and Its Isomers Block Ebola Virus Particle Entry and Infection with Similar Potency: Potential Therapeutic Implications

    Nelson EA, Barnes AB, Wiehle RD, Fontenot GK, Hoenen T, White JM · Viruses · 2016PubMed Verified

  19. 19.
    Enclomiphene citrate for the treatment of secondary male hypogonadism

    Rodriguez KM, Pastuszak AW, Lipshultz LI · Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy · 2016ReviewPubMed Verified

  20. 20.
    Reproductive endocrinology: Oral enclomiphene citrate in obese men with hypogonadism

    Kovac JR · Nature reviews. Urology · 2016PubMed Verified

  21. 21.
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    Differential effects of isomers of clomiphene citrate on reproductive tissues in male mice

    Fontenot GK, Wiehle RD, Podolski JS · BJU international · 2016PubMed Verified

  23. 23.
  24. 24.
    Enclomiphene citrate stimulates testosterone production while preventing oligospermia: a randomized phase II clinical trial comparing topical testosterone

    Wiehle RD, Fontenot GK, Wike J, Hsu K, Nydell J, Lipshultz L et al. · Fertility and sterility · 2014RCTPubMed Verified

  25. 25.
    Selective estrogen receptor modulators, male hypogonadism, and infertility

    Ross LS · Fertility and sterility · 2014PubMed Verified

  26. 26.
    Testosterone Restoration by Enclomiphene Citrate in Men with Secondary Hypogonadism: Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics

    Wiehle R, Cunningham GR, Pitteloud N, Wike J, Hsu K, Fontenot GK et al. · BJU international · 2013PubMed Verified

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  28. 28.
    Clomiphene citrate and enclomiphene for the treatment of hypogonadal androgen deficiency

    Kaminetsky J, Hemani ML · Expert opinion on investigational drugs · 2009PubMed Verified

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    Enclomiphene, an estrogen receptor antagonist for the treatment of testosterone deficiency in men

    Hill S, Arutchelvam V, Quinton R · IDrugs : the investigational drugs journal · 2009ReviewPubMed Verified

  30. 30.
    Single-dose pharmacokinetic study of clomiphene citrate isomers in anovular patients with polycystic ovary disease

    Ghobadi C, Mirhosseini N, Shiran MR, Moghadamnia A, Lennard MS, Ledger WL et al. · Journal of clinical pharmacology · 2009Clinical TrialPubMed Verified

  31. 31.
    CYP2D6 is primarily responsible for the metabolism of clomiphene

    Ghobadi C, Gregory A, Crewe HK, Rostami-Hodjegan A, Lennard MS · Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2008PubMed Verified

  32. 32.
    Evaluation of the relationship between plasma concentrations of en- and zuclomiphene and induction of ovulation in anovulatory women being treated with clomiphene citrate

    Ghobadi C, Amer S, Lashen H, Lennard MS, Ledger WL, Rostami-Hodjegan A · Fertility and sterility · 2009Clinical TrialPubMed Verified

  33. 33.
    Minimal ovarian stimulation with clomiphene citrate: a large-scale retrospective study

    Teramoto S, Kato O · Reproductive biomedicine online · 2007PubMed Verified

  34. 34.
    Determination by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of clomiphene isomers in the plasma of patients undergoing treatment for the induction of ovulation

    Crewe HK, Ghobadi C, Gregory A, Rostami-Hodjegan A, Lennard MS · Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences · 2007PubMed Verified

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    Gateways to clinical trials

    Bayés M, Rabasseda X, Prous JR · Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology · 2004Clinical TrialPubMed Verified

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    Regulation of plasma gonadotropin II secretion by sex steroids, aromatase inhibitors, and antiestrogens in the protandrous black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegeli Bleeker

    Lee YH, Du JL, Yen FP, Lee CY, Dufour S, Huang JD et al. · Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & molecular biology · 2001PubMed Verified

  38. 38.
    Inhibition of volume-regulated anion channels in cultured endothelial cells by the anti-oestrogens clomiphene and nafoxidine

    Maertens C, Droogmans G, Chakraborty P, Nilius B · British journal of pharmacology · 2001PubMed Verified

  39. 39.
    Effect of estrogen agonists and antagonists on induction of progesterone receptor in a rat hypothalamic cell line

    Fitzpatrick SL, Berrodin TJ, Jenkins SF, Sindoni DM, Deecher DC, Frail DE · Endocrinology · 1999PubMed Verified

  40. 40.
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  42. 42.
    Differential responses of estrogen target tissues in rats including bone to clomiphene, enclomiphene, and zuclomiphene

    Turner RT, Evans GL, Sluka JP, Adrian MD, Bryant HU, Turner CH et al. · Endocrinology · 1998PubMed Verified

  43. 43.
    Multivariate analysis of capillary electrophoresis separation conditions for Z-E isomers of clomiphene

    Bempong DK, Honigberg IL · Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis · 1996PubMed Verified

  44. 44.
    Antitumor and chemopreventive effects of a clomiphene analog, MDL 103,323, in mammary carcinoma

    Bitonti AJ, Baumann RJ, Bush TL, Cashman EA, Wright CL, Prakash NJ · Anticancer research · 1996PubMed Verified

  45. 45.
  46. 46.
  47. 47.
    Enclomiphene does not alter the postpartum interval of suckled beef cows

    Schramm RD, Roberge S, Reeves JJ · Journal of animal science · 1991PubMed Verified

  48. 48.
    Characterization of estrogen and antiestrogen binding to the cytosol and microsomes of breast tumors

    Lopes MC, Tavares MC, Vale MG, Carvalho AP · The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology · 1991PubMed Verified

  49. 49.
    Effect of clomiphene citrate treatment on endometrial estrogen and progesterone receptor induction in women

    Fritz MA, Holmes RT, Keenan EJ · American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 1991PubMed Verified

  50. 50.
    Tamoxifen-stimulated growth of human endometrial carcinoma

    Jordan VC, Gottardis MM, Satyaswaroop PG · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 1991PubMed Verified

Medical disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Many compounds listed are research chemicals not approved for human use. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting any protocol.

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