Palmitoyl Dipeptide-6
Also known as: Biopeptide EL, Palmitoyl Lysine-Threonine
Palmitoyl Dipeptide-6 is a synthetic dipeptide (lysine-threonine) with a palmitoyl fatty acid tail, designed to penetrate the skin barrier and stimulate the extracellular matrix components essential for skin firmness. It activates fibronectin and type IV collagen synthesis, improving skin density and firmness particularly in mature or sagging skin.
Half-Life
Not applicable (topical)
Route
Topical
Category
Skin & Cosmetic, Anti-Aging & Longevity
Studies
50 references
Key Benefits
- Increases skin firmness and density
- Stimulates fibronectin and collagen IV production
- Strengthens the dermal-epidermal junction
- Reduces skin sagging in mature skin
- Improves skin texture and smoothness
- Supports extracellular matrix integrity
Mechanism of Action
Palmitoyl Dipeptide-6 mimics the KTTKS signal sequence found in fibronectin and signals dermal fibroblasts via integrin receptors. It upregulates fibronectin, collagen IV, and lumican expression, reinforcing the dermal-epidermal junction and the structural scaffold of the dermis. The palmitoyl chain enables effective penetration through the stratum corneum for sustained intradermal activity.
Dosing Protocols
Skin Firming (Standard)
- Dose
- 0.005–0.05% in formulation
- Frequency
- Once or twice daily
- Timing
- PM preferred; AM with SPF acceptable
- Cycle
- 12–16 weeks, ongoing
Best formulated with complementary signal peptides such as Matrixyl or Argireline for synergistic firming. Consistent use required for visible density improvements.
Calculate your draw volume
Enter your vial size and BAC water to get exact injection volumes
Side Effects
- Generally well-tolerated
- Rare mild skin irritation in sensitive individuals
- No known systemic effects at cosmetic concentrations
Contraindications
Known dipeptide or palmitoyl ester sensitivityNot studied in pregnancy at high concentrations
Storage
Store at room temperature in a sealed container away from direct sunlight. Stable in pH 4–8 formulations. Avoid freezing.
Clinical Research
- 1.Protein Acylation Modifications in Sleep Disorders: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential
Lian X, Li X, Wang X, Lu X, Zhang M, Ren L et al. · Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2026ReviewPubMed Verified
- 2.YAP1 signalling and cancer: molecular pathways reveal novel targeting opportunities
Wu J, Chen B, Xie F, Hu J, Liang M, Lyu Y et al. · Expert opinion on therapeutic targets · 2026PubMed Verified
- 3.Palmitoyl-protein thioesterase-1 in health and disease
Barnes M, Raman R, Ekins S · Trends in pharmacological sciences · 2026ReviewPubMed Verified
- 4.Yitangkang decoction in the treatment of glomerular filtration barrier damage through AMPKα1/ZDHHC8/SLC7A11/GPX4 and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways: A multi-omics analysis
Yu J, Zhang H, Wu Y, Di Z, Shi Y, Fan X et al. · Journal of ethnopharmacology · 2026PubMed Verified
- 5.Untargeted Metabolomics Investigating the Intracellular Metabolic Alterations of HaCaT Cells Treated with Isotretinoin
Zhu S, He Y, Wu L, Ouyang X, Wei Q, Ye F et al. · Drug design, development and therapy · 2026PubMed Verified
- 6.1-Palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol (PLAG) enhances the therapeutic and immunological efficacy of high-dose radiotherapy in preclinical tumor models
Kim H, Cho H, Sun S, Kim TJ, Yang K, Jang WI et al. · Scientific reports · 2026PubMed Verified
- 7.Bioinformatics Analysis of ZDHHC-protein Acyltransferase for Predicting the Rupture of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Zhang W, Liu L, Hou Y, Wang W · Current neurovascular research · 2026PubMed Verified
- 8.Design, Synthesis, and Bioactivity Evaluation of a Palmitoyltransferase Inhibitor Based on the PAP Structure
Zhang Y, Liu H, Li J, Han X, Ran Z, Zhang L et al. · Chemistry & biodiversity · 2026PubMed Verified
- 9.ASCT2 palmitoylation regulated by JNK1-ZDHHC14 axis orchestrates glutamine metabolism and NSCLC progression
Chen X, Ke Z, Wei S, Chen J, Zhu K, Xu J et al. · Cell discovery · 2026PubMed Verified
- 10.Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy and Fetal Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders: A Systematic Review
Varotsis D, Araji S, Horgan R, Powel JE, McLaren R Jr, Kirmse B et al. · O&G open · 2026ReviewPubMed Verified
- 11.Piceatannol as a potential antiviral agent against vaccinia virus at multiple stages
Zhang L, Liu Y, Li D, Luan J, Zhang L · Frontiers in microbiology · 2026PubMed Verified
- 12.Dexmedetomidine regulates fatty acid oxidation through the AMPK/PGC-1α/CPT1A pathway to mitigate renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury
Zhang CL, Yan Y, Wang K, Ma JJ, Xu WJ, Liu G et al. · Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2026PubMed Verified
- 13.Anticancer effect of palmitoyl piperidinopiperidine against human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells
Yoshioka H, Hamanaka J, Horiuchi A, Horita H, Horiguchi H, Suzui M · Cancer genetics · 2026PubMed Verified
- 14.Small-molecule enhancement of METTL3 S-palmitoylation as a therapeutic strategy for osteoarthritis
Qin W, Wei J, Li F, Wang L, Zhang Q, Chen J et al. · Cell reports · 2026PubMed Verified
- 15.STING Innate Immunity Signalling from the Golgi
Taguchi T · Sub-cellular biochemistry · 2026ReviewPubMed Verified
- 16.Role of lipoylation in mitochondrial supercomplex formation during C2C12 cell differentiation
Oshio H, Shiiba I, Takeda A, Matsumoto S, Ishikawa Y, Nagashima S et al. · Journal of biochemistry · 2026PubMed Verified
- 17.Alox15 via H(2)O(2) mediates TP receptor palmitoylation and its membrane trafficking leading to platelet activation
Govatati S, Yadavalli CS, Sunkara A, Rao GN · iScience · 2026PubMed Verified
- 18.Targeting the ZDHHC9-mediated STAT1 palmitoylation-phosphorylation conversion inhibits gastric cancer progression
Bai X, Guo YR, Zhang WC, Shi ZH, Dai DQ · Journal of gastroenterology · 2026PubMed Verified
- 19.Phytochemical study of Homalanthus giganteus: isolation, antiproliferative activity, and computational mechanistic insights of tigliane diterpenes against colorectal cancer
Wirasisya DG, Kincses A, Setiawansyah A, Barta A, Chang FR, Hohmann J · Pharmaceutical biology · 2026PubMed Verified
- 20.Sex-dependent rescue of memory and synaptic deficits in AD model mice by increasing PSD-95 palmitoylation
Du Y, Prinkey K, Pham AQ, Lawrence A, Morales C, Dinata M et al. · Communications biology · 2026PubMed Verified
- 21.cGAS-IFN-I responses by extracting nuclear DNA from dying cells via nucleocytosis
Negishi H, Wada Y, Shirasaki Y, Hayashi T, Kubota Y, Iwasaki T et al. · Nature communications · 2026PubMed Verified
- 22.Thiolactone ring dynamics in dimeric lipids enable pH-switchable supramolecular tuning in surface-engineered quantum dots
Saha P, Moitra P, Bera S, Das Adhikari S, Pradhan N, Bhattacharya S · Nanoscale · 2026PubMed Verified
- 23.Positive effects of highland barley β-glucan intervention on lactose fermentation efficiency and metabolites: unveiling the responses of the gut microbiota through an in vitro fermentation model
Wang J, Fu Y, Wei J, Yang J, Hu K, Zhou M et al. · Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.) · 2026PubMed Verified
- 24.Isomer Composition Assessment of Synthetic Phosphatidylethanol by Collision-Induced and Ozone-Induced Dissociation Mass Spectrometry
Bantle M, Long JOT, Brydon SC, Young RSE, Blanksby SJ, Weinmann W et al. · Drug testing and analysis · 2026PubMed Verified
- 25.Palmitic acid activates c-Myc via dual palmitoylation-dependent pathways to promote colon cancer
Du W, Zhang J, Wang Y, Li M, Cao J, Yang B et al. · Cell discovery · 2026PubMed Verified
- 26.Molecular mechanism of cholesterol-dependent membrane fusion in SARS-CoV-2 entry
Li W, Wu M, Feng S, Su J, Niu Q, Lin W et al. · Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026PubMed Verified
- 27.A comprehensive analysis of palmitoylation related genes in lung adenocarcinoma
Jiang J, Li Z, Yan T, He Y, Zhu J, Jin X et al. · Discover oncology · 2026PubMed Verified
- 28.Fibroblast growth factor 1 alleviates diabetic nephropathy by reducing renal lipid accumulation in diabetic kidney
Li YJ, Ge HY, Zhang GG, Chen HY, Xi YJ, Wang K et al. · World journal of diabetes · 2026PubMed Verified
- 29.Lipidation as a post-translational code for protein liquid-liquid phase separation
Sani SA, Chytła A, Sztacho M · Journal of lipid research · 2026ReviewPubMed Verified
- 30.Palmitoylation modification of SPI1 promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma radioresistance through inhibiting c-CBL-mediated ubiquitination and degradation
Jiang L, Bin Y, Huang Y, Wu L, Qiu X, Du Y et al. · Drug resistance updates : reviews and commentaries in antimicrobial and anticancer chemotherapy · 2026PubMed Verified
- 31.CSPβ-Hsc70 partnership: Unveiling a chaperone-driven mechanism involved in acrosomal exocytosis in human sperm
Flores-Montero K, Durán N, Bellavita L, Fontecilla-Escobar J, Gundersen CB, Di Lella S et al. · Life sciences · 2026PubMed Verified
- 32.Identification and validation of mitochondrial metabolism-ralated biomarkers in coronary heart disease
Zhao X, He J · Medicine · 2026PubMed Verified
- 33.Post‑translational modifications in diabetic kidney disease (Review)
He M, Wang Z, Miao Z, Zhao Y, Wei L, Zhang L et al. · International journal of molecular medicine · 2026ReviewPubMed Verified
- 34.Liver Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Distinct Signatures Between Steatosis and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis
Palomurto S, Flam E, Kaminska D, Virtanen KA, Kärjä V, Käkelä P et al. · Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2026PubMed Verified
- 35.SNAP25 undergoes phase separation to facilitate the assembly of the synaptic vesicle fusion machinery
Zhu M, Jin Y, Liu J, Kong X, Liu Y, Yu H · Cell reports · 2026PubMed Verified
- 36.Post-Translational Modifications in HIV Infection: Novel Antiretroviral Strategies
Sun Y, Yang S, Ao Y, Yu W · Cells · 2026ReviewPubMed Verified
- 37.Prognostic value of palmitoylation-regulated mechanisms in glioblastoma: integrated multi-omics analysis via least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and single-cell sequencing
Ji Y, Dai X, Jiang L, Zeng H, Cai Z, Li B · Translational cancer research · 2026PubMed Verified
- 38.S-palmitoylation of the viral Nsp10 by ZDHHC7 restricts PRRSV replication but is counteracted by Nsp2, Nsp4 and GP5
Jing H, Peng Z, Zhao P, Duan E, Liu J, Zhao X et al. · Research in veterinary science · 2026PubMed Verified
- 39.Molecular dynamics of the pathogenic KCNQ2 variant G256W reveals mechanisms of channel dysfunction in epileptic encephalopathy
Thompson EC, Cooper EC, Miller BR 3rd · Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics · 2026PubMed Verified
- 40.Emerging roles of protein modifications in sexual reproduction and pathogenesis of filamentous fungi
Li X, Zhou X, Luo Y, Xue L, Tong X, Guo J · Frontiers in microbiology · 2026ReviewPubMed Verified
- 41.Lipid nanoparticles containing zwitterionic lipids versatilely enhance the efficiency of mRNA delivery
Suzuki Y, Yamada Y, Harashima H, Sato Y · Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026PubMed Verified
- 42.Effect of Cholesterol on the Gramicidin A Induced Membrane Curvature and Order Parameter
Srivastava D, Mukherjee S, Begom M, Patra N · Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry · 2026PubMed Verified
- 43.Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of palmitoylethanolamide in the management of diabetic neuropathic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Prado MB Jr, Nisce NRB, Cayanong EJB, Adiao KJB · Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2026PubMed Verified
- 44.Control of Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor Activity by Posttranslational Modifications
Vanmunster M, de Ridder I, Callens M, Yule D, Serysheva I, Parys JB et al. · Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2026PubMed Verified
- 45.Aquaporin-4 mediated RONS transport under membrane lipid peroxidation: Atomic-scale mechanistic insights
Cao Y, Wei H, Jiang S, Yang C, Liu N, Lee I et al. · International journal of biological macromolecules · 2026PubMed Verified
- 46.Palmitoylation-related gene expression and its prognostic value in prostate cancer: insights into immune infiltration and therapeutic potential
Wang M, Ding Y, Gao L · Translational andrology and urology · 2026PubMed Verified
- 47.Palmitoyl Acyltransferases Control the Membrane Localization of DNAJC5 to Regulate Unconventional Protein Secretion
Xu Y, Puthenveetil R, Lee J, Saidi L, Banerjee A, Ye Y · Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) · 2026PubMed Verified
- 48.Ketogenic diet can inhibit epileptic seizures by inhibiting RGMa methylation to promote GluA1 palmitoylation in the epileptic rat model
Xu J, Huo L, Liu J, Xu W, Yu T · Nutrition & metabolism · 2026PubMed Verified
- 49.Syk activation during FcγR-mediated phagocytosis involves Syk palmitoylation and desulfenylation
Jansen M, Strub JM, Chaloin L, Coopman P, Beaumelle B · Life science alliance · 2026PubMed Verified
- 50.Dysfunction of GABAergic interneurons underlies altered neural network oscillations associated with epileptiform activity in PPT1-deficient mice
Tong J, Liu W, Wang Q, Yang H, Gao Z, Wu W et al. · Translational psychiatry · 2026PubMed Verified
Medical disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Many compounds listed are research chemicals not approved for human use. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting any protocol.
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