Glutathione

Key Benefits#

• Primary endogenous antioxidant and free radical scavenger
• Supports hepatic detoxification of xenobiotics and heavy metals
• Recycles vitamins C and E to maintain antioxidant network
• Modulates immune function and T-cell activity
• Skin brightening via inhibition of tyrosinase (IV/topical routes)
• Neuroprotective in oxidative stress-related conditions
• Mitochondrial protection and energy metabolism support

Mechanism of Action#

Glutathione functions as both a direct free radical scavenger and a substrate for glutathione peroxidase (GPx), which reduces hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxides. It participates in the glutaredoxin and thioredoxin antioxidant systems. In the liver, it conjugates electrophilic toxins via glutathione S-transferase (GST) for excretion. Reduced glutathione (GSH) is regenerated from oxidized glutathione (GSSG) by glutathione reductase using NADPH. Systemic glutathione depletion is associated with aging, chronic illness, and oxidative stress.

Dosing Protocols#

Side Effects#

• Oral bioavailability is limited (largely hydrolyzed in gut); liposomal or sublingual forms preferred
• IV administration: rare allergic reactions, vein irritation
• High-dose supplementation may cause zinc depletion over time
• Inhaled glutathione may trigger bronchoconstriction in asthmatics

Contraindications#

Active chemotherapy (may reduce efficacy of platinum-based drugs by binding cisplatin)Severe asthma with inhaled glutathione routePregnancy and breastfeeding: caution at pharmacological doses

Storage#

Store in cool, dark, dry location. Reduced glutathione oxidizes readily; keep sealed away from air and moisture. Liposomal products should be refrigerated after opening. IV preparations should be used immediately upon preparation.

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