SLU-PP-332 vs Pal-AHK
Side-by-side comparison of key properties, dosing, and research.
Recovery & RepairFat Loss & Metabolic
SLU-PP-332Skin & CosmeticAnti-Aging & Longevity
Pal-AHK- Summary
- SLU-PP-332 is a small molecule exercise mimetic that activates estrogen-related receptors ERRalpha and ERRdelta (ERRa/d), transcription factors that drive oxidative metabolism programs. In animal studies it significantly enhanced endurance capacity and metabolic fitness without exercise, mimicking many of the cardiovascular and metabolic adaptations of aerobic training.
- Pal-AHK is the palmitoylated form of the AHK-Cu copper tripeptide, created by attaching a palmitic acid chain to enhance skin penetration and lipid bilayer affinity. The palmitoyl modification significantly improves dermal bioavailability compared to unmodified AHK, making it particularly effective in anti-aging and hair growth formulations.
- Half-Life
- Not established in humans; rodent pharmacokinetics suggest hours
- Extended (lipid depot effect in stratum corneum)
- Admin Route
- Oral (research), Subcutaneous (research)
- Topical
- Research
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- Typical Dose
- Not established for humans; rodent studies used ~100 mg/kg/day
- 0.01–0.05% in formulation
- Frequency
- Once daily in rodent studies
- Once or twice daily
- Key Benefits
- Significant enhancement of aerobic endurance capacity
- Increases mitochondrial density and oxidative metabolism in muscle
- Promotes beneficial shift toward oxidative muscle fiber phenotype
- Improves cardiac efficiency and cardiovascular fitness markers
- Potential for obesity, metabolic syndrome, and heart failure treatment
- Exercise mimetic for populations unable to exercise (disability, frailty, disease)
- Enhanced skin penetration vs. unmodified AHK-Cu
- Stimulates dermal collagen and elastin production
- Promotes hair follicle anagen phase
- Antioxidant and wound healing activity
- Firming and plumping effect on aging skin
- Improved bioavailability via lipid bilayer incorporation
- Side Effects
- Limited human data; all studies are preclinical (rodent)
- Unknown cardiovascular effects with long-term or high-dose use in humans
- Potential hormonal interactions via ERR pathway (ERRs modulate estrogen-related signaling)
- Off-target effects not fully characterized
- Generally well-tolerated
- Mild irritation at high concentrations in sensitive skin
- Possible comedogenicity at very high palmitate concentrations (formulation-dependent)
- Stacks With
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