GHK-Cu vs PGPIPN
Side-by-side comparison of key properties, dosing, and research.
- Summary
- GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper complex that declines with age. It is one of the most studied anti-aging peptides, known for powerful skin rejuvenation, wound healing, and tissue remodeling effects.
- PGPIPN is a bioactive hexapeptide (Pro-Gly-Pro-Ile-Pro-Asn) derived from beta-casein during enzymatic digestion. It exhibits anti-inflammatory properties via opioid receptor modulation and cytokine suppression, making it relevant for gut health, systemic inflammation, and as a component of casein-derived functional foods.
- Half-Life
- 2–4 hours
- Estimated 30-120 minutes (peptide degradation)
- Admin Route
- SubQ, Topical
- Oral, Subcutaneous (research)
- Research
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- Typical Dose
- 1–3 mg
- 200-500 mg per day
- Frequency
- 3–5 times per week
- Once or twice daily
- Key Benefits
- Reduces wrinkles and fine lines
- Improves skin firmness and elasticity
- Accelerates wound healing
- Reduces inflammation and oxidative damage
- Promotes hair growth and thickness
- Supports collagen and elastin production
- May improve overall skin health and appearance
- Resets aged fibroblast behavior
- Anti-fibrotic — reduces scar tissue formation
- Anti-inflammatory effects via cytokine suppression
- Gut mucosal protection and intestinal barrier support
- Opioid receptor modulation for gut motility regulation
- Potential analgesic activity via central and peripheral opioid pathways
- Explored for inflammatory bowel conditions and gut dysbiosis
- Natural origin (food-derived) with favorable safety profile
- Side Effects
- Temporary blue-green discoloration at injection site (from copper — harmless)
- Post-injection sting (brief)
- Skin irritation with topical use (rare)
- Generally very well-tolerated given food-derived origin
- Theoretical opioid-mediated constipation at high doses
- Rare milk protein allergy in casein-sensitive individuals
- Stacks With
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