FOXO4-DRI vs Pinealon
Side-by-side comparison of key properties, dosing, and research.
- Summary
- FOXO4-DRI is a D-retro-inverso peptide derived from the FOXO4 protein that selectively induces apoptosis in senescent cells. By disrupting the FOXO4-p53 interaction that keeps senescent cells alive, it triggers programmed cell death specifically in these aging, pro-inflammatory cells while sparing healthy tissue.
- Pinealon is a synthetic tripeptide (Glu-Asp-Arg) developed by the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation, designed to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and exert neuroprotective, neurogenic, and anti-aging effects by regulating pineal gland and brain cell function.
- Half-Life
- Estimated 2-4 hours (D-amino acid confers resistance to proteolysis)
- Short (peptides rapidly degraded), but epigenetic/gene regulatory effects persist
- Admin Route
- Subcutaneous, Intraperitoneal (research)
- SubQ, Oral, Intranasal
- Research
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- Typical Dose
- 5 mg/kg in rodent studies; human equivalent approximately 0.5-1 mg/kg
- 5–10 mg (oral) or 50–100 mcg (SC)
- Frequency
- 3 consecutive days per cycle
- Once daily for 10 days
- Key Benefits
- Selectively clears senescent cells (senolytics)
- Reduces senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and chronic inflammation
- Demonstrated restoration of physical fitness in aged mice
- May improve healthspan and reduce age-related tissue dysfunction
- Potential for treatment of age-related pathologies driven by cellular senescence
- Does not affect healthy non-senescent cells at therapeutic doses
- Neuroprotection against oxidative stress and hypoxia
- Promotes neuronal regeneration and repair
- Improves memory and cognitive function
- Enhances sleep quality via melatonin regulation
- Anti-aging effects on brain cells
- May slow cognitive decline in neurodegeneration
- Improves cerebrovascular circulation
- Reduces neuroinflammation
- Side Effects
- Limited human data; largely preclinical evidence
- Possible temporary inflammatory response as senescent cells are cleared (senolytic effect)
- Weight loss observed at high doses in rodent studies
- Unknown long-term safety profile in humans
- Excellent safety profile in clinical use
- Rare: mild drowsiness
- Transient mild headache at initiation
- Injection site reaction (SC)
- Stacks With
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