AICAR vs SLU-PP-332
Side-by-side comparison of key properties, dosing, and research.
Anti-Aging & LongevityFat Loss & Metabolic
AICARRecovery & RepairFat Loss & Metabolic
SLU-PP-332- Summary
- AICAR is a cell-permeable AMP analog that activates AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) — the master metabolic switch that triggers fat burning, mitochondrial biogenesis, and adaptations normally only achieved through exercise. It has been called the 'exercise in a pill' compound.
- SLU-PP-332 is a small molecule exercise mimetic that activates estrogen-related receptors ERRalpha and ERRdelta (ERRa/d), transcription factors that drive oxidative metabolism programs. In animal studies it significantly enhanced endurance capacity and metabolic fitness without exercise, mimicking many of the cardiovascular and metabolic adaptations of aerobic training.
- Half-Life
- ~2–3 hours
- Not established in humans; rodent pharmacokinetics suggest hours
- Admin Route
- SubQ, IV
- Oral (research), Subcutaneous (research)
- Research
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- Typical Dose
- 25–50 mg
- Not established for humans; rodent studies used ~100 mg/kg/day
- Frequency
- 3–5 times per week
- Once daily in rodent studies
- Key Benefits
- AMPK activation mimics aerobic exercise adaptations
- Increased fat oxidation and endurance
- Mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC-1alpha)
- Improved insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism
- Anti-inflammatory effects
- Potential cardiac protection during ischemia
- Synergistic with actual exercise training
- Reduces hepatic glucose production
- Significant enhancement of aerobic endurance capacity
- Increases mitochondrial density and oxidative metabolism in muscle
- Promotes beneficial shift toward oxidative muscle fiber phenotype
- Improves cardiac efficiency and cardiovascular fitness markers
- Potential for obesity, metabolic syndrome, and heart failure treatment
- Exercise mimetic for populations unable to exercise (disability, frailty, disease)
- Side Effects
- Hypoglycemia risk
- Lactic acidosis at high doses (animal data)
- Injection site irritation
- Limited human data; all studies are preclinical (rodent)
- Unknown cardiovascular effects with long-term or high-dose use in humans
- Potential hormonal interactions via ERR pathway (ERRs modulate estrogen-related signaling)
- Off-target effects not fully characterized
- Stacks With
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