PGPIPN vs SLU-PP-332
Side-by-side comparison of key properties, dosing, and research.
Immune Support
PGPIPNRecovery & RepairFat Loss & Metabolic
SLU-PP-332- Summary
- PGPIPN is a bioactive hexapeptide (Pro-Gly-Pro-Ile-Pro-Asn) derived from beta-casein during enzymatic digestion. It exhibits anti-inflammatory properties via opioid receptor modulation and cytokine suppression, making it relevant for gut health, systemic inflammation, and as a component of casein-derived functional foods.
- SLU-PP-332 is a small molecule exercise mimetic that activates estrogen-related receptors ERRalpha and ERRdelta (ERRa/d), transcription factors that drive oxidative metabolism programs. In animal studies it significantly enhanced endurance capacity and metabolic fitness without exercise, mimicking many of the cardiovascular and metabolic adaptations of aerobic training.
- Half-Life
- Estimated 30-120 minutes (peptide degradation)
- Not established in humans; rodent pharmacokinetics suggest hours
- Admin Route
- Oral, Subcutaneous (research)
- Oral (research), Subcutaneous (research)
- Research
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- Typical Dose
- 200-500 mg per day
- Not established for humans; rodent studies used ~100 mg/kg/day
- Frequency
- Once or twice daily
- Once daily in rodent studies
- Key Benefits
- Anti-inflammatory effects via cytokine suppression
- Gut mucosal protection and intestinal barrier support
- Opioid receptor modulation for gut motility regulation
- Potential analgesic activity via central and peripheral opioid pathways
- Explored for inflammatory bowel conditions and gut dysbiosis
- Natural origin (food-derived) with favorable safety profile
- Significant enhancement of aerobic endurance capacity
- Increases mitochondrial density and oxidative metabolism in muscle
- Promotes beneficial shift toward oxidative muscle fiber phenotype
- Improves cardiac efficiency and cardiovascular fitness markers
- Potential for obesity, metabolic syndrome, and heart failure treatment
- Exercise mimetic for populations unable to exercise (disability, frailty, disease)
- Side Effects
- Generally very well-tolerated given food-derived origin
- Theoretical opioid-mediated constipation at high doses
- Rare milk protein allergy in casein-sensitive individuals
- Limited human data; all studies are preclinical (rodent)
- Unknown cardiovascular effects with long-term or high-dose use in humans
- Potential hormonal interactions via ERR pathway (ERRs modulate estrogen-related signaling)
- Off-target effects not fully characterized
- Stacks With
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